ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰ ਸੋਭਾ · The Earliest Life of Guru Gobind Singh

Sri Gur Sobha — The Glory of the Guru

Kavi Sainapati was a poet in the court of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Guru. Not long after the Guru left this world, he set down this book — one of the very first tellings of the Guru's life, sung by someone who was close enough to know. In flowing verse it opens with the Timeless One calling a new path into being, then follows the Guru through his years: the early battles at Bhangani and Nadaun, the great day at Anandpur when the Khalsa was born and the low were made kings, the hard partings at Chamkaur and Muktsar, the long road south, and the final days. It is a song of courage and grace — history remembered while its memory was still warm, and offered here in plain, loving English so anyone can walk beside the Guru through it.

The Gurmukhi shown is the poem exactly as published in the 1967 Damdami-Taksal-tradition edition edited by Mahinder Singh 'Giani' (Bhasha Vibhag, Punjab), transcribed verbatim from the page images; the roman line beneath it is generated by the site's transliterator, and the English below is our own loving translation. Sainapati wrote in Braj, the poetic language of his time, so a few words will look unfamiliar even to Punjabi readers — the translation carries their meaning. Two things to hold as you read. First, much of this book recounts war: the tenth Guru's years in the hills were years of defence against repeated attacks, and Sainapati sings them in the heroic voice of his age. The battle scenes are told plainly and with a warrior's pride; they are history, not a call to enmity, and the Guru's own compassion — making king and pauper equal, bowing the proud head to the humble foot — is the poem's true heart. Second, the original 1967 edition carries the editor's footnotes and cross-references (to the Guru's own Bachitra Natak and to manuscript variants); those scholarly notes are not part of Sainapati's poem and are not reproduced here — only his verse is.

Author

Kavi Sainapati · court poet, early 1700s

Kavi Sainapati — also called Sainapat or Senapati — was a poet in the darbar, the royal court, of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Guru. The word 'Kavi' simply means 'poet.' He was one of the gifted writers the Guru gathered at Anandpur, and he knew the events of the Guru's life from close by. Soon after the Guru left this world, Sainapati set them down in this book, Sri Gur Sobha — 'The Glory of the Guru' — in the flowing Braj-Punjabi verse of his day. Because he wrote so near in time to the Guru (scholars place it around 1701–1711), it is treasured as one of the very earliest accounts of Guru Gobind Singh's life and of the birth of the Khalsa. Little else is known of Sainapati's own life beyond his place among the court poets; his gift to us is this eyewitness song of his Guru.

Source

Internet Archive · Sikh Digital Library

Bhasha Vibhag, Punjab — edited by Mahinder Singh 'Giani', 1967. Public Domain Mark 1.0. View the original ›

  1. 1 Chapter 1 · The Dawning of the Panth The poet bows low and asks for help to sing his Guru — then tells how the Timeless One, grieving a lost world, called a new and shining path into being through Guru Gobind Singh. 12 min read
  2. 2 Chapter 2 · Paonta, and the Battle of Bhangani The Guru's days at Paonta on the Yamuna, and his first great battle — Bhangani — where the hill rajas turned on him and were driven back. 18 min read
  3. 3 Chapter 3 · The Battle of Nadaun The battle of Nadaun, where the Guru stood beside the hill rajas against the Mughal commander's demand for tribute. 4 min read
  4. 4 Chapter 4 · Husaini, and the Khanzada’s Attack The Khanzada's campaign in the hills, the ruin of Barwa, and the fighting that followed. 4 min read
  5. 5 Chapter 5 · The Birth of the Khalsa The heart of the book: the great Baisakhi at Anandpur when Guru Gobind Singh raised the Khalsa — the amrit, the five beloved, king and pauper made one. 23 min read
  6. 6 Chapter 6 · Bachan Bichar — Reflection on the Word The young Panth learns to live by its discipline: the sangat takes the vow at Delhi, some hold back and stray, and the poet turns to a ringing song of the One Name that alone carries a life across. 20 min read
  7. 7 Chapter 7 · Rahit Pragas — Social Reform & Hardship The young Panth is tested at home: a boycott shuts the bazaar against the Sikhs, the elders draw up writs of excommunication, and the Khalsa stands before the Delhi ruler — one side the Khalsa, one side the world — until the Merciful One turns the ruler's heart. 10 min read
  8. 8 Chapter 8 · Kahlur's Attack — the First Battle of Anandpur Raja Ajmer Chand of Kahlur demands tribute or war; the Guru refuses. The hill armies ring Anandpur, and in a four-day battle the young Sahibzada Ajit Singh scatters their host — until the rajas swear a cow-oath and the Guru withdraws to Nirmoh. 13 min read
  9. 9 Chapter 9 · The Battle of Nirmoh Garh Pursued to Nirmoh, the Guru is besieged when the hill rajas draw in the Mughal governor of Sirhind. Bhai Sahib Chand falls a martyr; the day-long battle is sung as Krishna's Holi of blood — and the Guru at last crosses the river and withdraws to Bisali. 14 min read
  10. 10 Chapter 10 · The Battles of Bisali and Kalmot The war follows the Guru to Bisali; a hunt turns into the storming of Kalmot fort, whose people attack again through the night. At dawn the Khalsa charges like a hawk on sparrows — the Kahlur raja submits, and the Guru returns to rebuild Anandgarh. 8 min read
  11. 11 Chapter 11 · The Second Battle of Anandgarh The rajas and the imperial armies return to besiege Anandgarh a second time. Twice routed in open battle, they ring the fort in a starving blockade; through the famine the Sikhs raid for grain, and at last — under a sworn pledge — the Guru leaves Anandpur. 15 min read
  12. 12 Chapter 12 · The Battle of Chamkaur The earliest telling of Chamkaur: leaving Anandpur, Bhai Ude Singh's stand at Shahi Tibbi, and the encircled fortress where the Singhs and the Guru's sons — Ajit Singh, Jujhar Singh and the young Sahibzadas — meet martyrdom with Waheguru on their lips, winning glory like their grandfather Guru Tegh Bahadur. 25 min read
  13. 13 Chapter 13 · From Chamkaur to Malwa, and the Battle of Muktsar The Guru leaves Chamkaur as the Formless One who has renounced all; wins the battle of Muktsar in the Brar country; and sends Bhai Daya Singh, disguised, on the long road to the Deccan to place his letter — the Zafarnama — in Aurangzeb's own hand. It closes in a garland of Punjabi pauris on the Guru's word and the shelter of the refuge. 18 min read
  14. 14 Chapter 14 · The March South, and the Battle of Baghaur The Guru mounts in splendour for the long march south — a drum that shakes the three worlds. Through Rajputana comes the news that Aurangzeb has died; and at Baghaur, where the Guru went only to see an ancient Mahabharata field, the fearful townsfolk force a three-day battle he did not seek. 21 min read
  15. 15 Chapter 15 · The War of Aurangzeb's Sons, and Bahadur Shah's Victory Aurangzeb dies at Ahmadnagar and his sons fall to war over the throne. Bahadur Shah seeks the Guru's aid; reassured, he meets Prince Azam at Jajau and wins the empire — then gives thanks to God, and the Guru comes on to Delhi. 5 min read
  16. 16 Chapter 16 · The Emperor's Darshan Guru Gobind Singh journeys through Delhi, Mathura and Vrindavan to Agra, where Emperor Bahadur Shah — his rule now secure — receives his darshan and honours him, and the Sikhs pass their days in joy. 12 min read
  17. 17 Chapter 17 · The Stand at Chittor As Bahadur Shah's campaign moves through Rajputana, the poet recounts a warrior's lone stand and martyr's death at Chittor, the crossing of the Narmada, and the Guru's counsel of peace. 9 min read
  18. 18 Chapter 18 · The Merging of Light into Light The account of the final time at Nanded: the Pathan's blow, the Guru's word that the Timeless One kept him, his last utterance of the Fateh and his merging of Light into Light, the eternal declaration that the Khalsa is his own form, and the poet's closing call to utter the Name. 22 min read
  19. 19 Chapter 19 · The Glory to Come A prophetic hymn to the Khalsa's future splendour — riding forth against tyranny, kings fleeing in dread, sin swept away, and all creation, from grass and bird to the gods themselves, chanting the Name — with the refrain that Anandgarh will be settled anew. 6 min read
  20. 20 Chapter 20 · The Complete Praise The book's closing hymn of complete praise: salutations to the Guru-Lord, the one Light in all creation, his saving grace to the fallen — the courtesan, the elephant-king Indradyumna — and the poet's humble confession that even Brahma, Ganesh and a thousand tongues could never tell the Infinite's measure. 33 min read